⇒ Teil II / Part II / Partie II
Ice Age is ending - Must be our faults
In den Nachrichten wird diesbezüglich viel Unfug verbreitet.
Hohe Temperaturen ist oft ein Synonym für gutes Klima.
Historische Tatsache:
Temperaturänderungen hat es schon immer gegeben und wird es immer geben.
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| Diskussionen | Discussions | Discussions |
| Ausschluss und Maulkorb für Kritiker | Exclusion of critics | Exclusion des critiques |
Harvard-Smithsonian Center For Astrophysics
2003-03-31 en
20th Century Climate Not So Hot
Cambridge, MA - A review of more than 200 climate studies led by researchers at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics has determined that the 20th century is neither the warmest century nor the century with the most extreme weather of the past 1000 years.
The review also confirmed that the Medieval Warm Period of 800 to 1300 A.D. and the Little Ice Age of 1300 to 1900 A.D. were worldwide phenomena not limited to the European and North American continents.
While 20th century temperatures are much higher than in the Little Ice Age period, many parts of the world show the medieval warmth to be greater than that of the 20th century.
Watts Up With That? (Antony Watts)
2011-01-24 en
Easterbrook on the magnitude of Greenland GISP2 ice core data
The GISP2 (Greenland Ice Sheet Project Two) Greenland ice core has proven to be a great source of climatic data from the geologic past.
Ancient temperatures can be measured using oxygen isotopes in the ice and ages can be determined from annual dust accumulation layers in the ice.
The oxygen isotope ratios of thousands of ice core samples were measured by Minze Stuiver and Peter Grootes at the University of Washington (1993, 1999) and these data have become a world standard.
| de | Internet-Terror : Manipulation von Wikipedia durch einen Administrator. |
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| en | At Wikipedia, one man engineers the debate on global warming. |
| fr | A Wikipedia, un homme dirige le débat sur le réchauffement climatique et à sa manière. |
Klimaskeptiker Info
2011-02-26 de
Natürliche globale Erwärmung - vor 56 Millionen Jahren
Vor etwa 56 Millionen Jahren gab es eine Periode globaler Erwärmung, die als Palöozän-Eozän-Thermalmaximum (PETM) bezeichnet wird, während derer die globalen Meeresoberflächentemperaturen um etwa 5 °C anstiegen.
Wenn sich vor 56 Millionen Jahren die Ozeanoberflächen um 5 °C erwärmt haben, wofür die damals noch nicht existierenden Menschen wohl kaum verantwortlich sein konnten, mit welcher Logik wird dann aus einer globalen Erwärmung um vielleicht 0,7 °C im 20. Jahrhundert gefolgert, diesmal sei der Mensch verantwortlich?
Klimawandel hat es
immer gegeben und wird es immer geben, es gibt kein verbrieftes Recht
auf ein bestimmtes Klima.
Die Wirkungen der "Treibhausgase" wie CO2 werden jedenfalls weit überschätzt.
The National Oceanography Centre (NOC),
2011-02-25 en
Arctic environment during an ancient bout of natural global warming
Around 56 million years ago there was a period of global warming called the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), during which global sea surface temperatures increased by approximately 5°C.
Meldungen:
Kommentar zu den "Treibhausgasen"::
Nicht das ich gegen Umweltschutz oder Schonung der Energieressourcen wäre, ganz im Gegenteil. Aber, alles unsinniges Gerede um den von Menschenhand gemachten Klimawandel hat nur einen einzigen Sinn, und das Geld aus der Tasche zu ziehen!
Temperaturschwankungen der letzten 450.000 Jahre.
Zum einen sind die Temperaturschwankungen zyklisch und zum anderen
ist das heutige Niveau vergleichsweise niedrig!
2008-10-06 en
The Last Ice Age (120 000 years ago to Modern)
This is a visualization of the last ice age using a global ice sheet model with pro-glacial lakes included.
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Watts Up With That? (Antony Watts)
2011-01-24 en
Easterbrook on the magnitude of Greenland GISP2 ice core data
The GISP2 (Greenland Ice Sheet Project Two) Greenland ice core has proven to be a great source of climatic data from the geologic past.
Ancient temperatures can be measured using oxygen isotopes in the ice and ages can be determined from annual dust accumulation layers in the ice.
The oxygen isotope ratios of thousands of ice core samples were measured by Minze Stuiver and Peter Grootes at the University of Washington (1993, 1999) and these data have become a world standard.
The Last Ice Age
About 24,000 years ago
while the world was still in the grip of the last Ice Age and huge continental glaciers covered large areas, a sudden warming of about 20°F occurred.
Shortly thereafter, temperatures dropped abruptly about 11°F. Temperatures then remained cold for several thousand years but oscillated between about 5°F warmer and cooler.
About 15,000 years ago
A few centuries later
About 14,000 years ago
About 13,400 years ago
12,700 yrs ago
After 1300 years of cold climate
global temperatures rose sharply, about 21° F (~12° C),
11,500 years ago, marking the end of the Younger Dryas cold period and the end of the Pleistocene Ice Age.
Early Holocene climate changes
8,200 years ago
the post-Ice Age interglacial warm period was interrupted by a sudden global cooling that lasted for a few centuries
During this time, alpine glaciers advanced and built moraines.
The warming that followed the cool period was also abrupt.
Neither the abrupt climatic cooling nor the warming that followed was preceded by atmospheric CO2 changes.
Late Holocene climate changes
750 B.C. to 200 B.C. cool period
The Roman warm period (200 B.C. to 600 A.D.)
The Dark Ages cool period (440 A.D. to 900 A.D.)
The Dark Ages were characterized by marked cooling.
A particularly puzzling event apparently occurred in 540 A.D. when tree rings suggest greatly retarded growth, the sun appeared dimmed for more than a year, temperatures dropped in Ireland, Great Britain, Siberia, North and South America, fruit didn't ripen, and snow fell in the summer in southern Europe.
In 800 A.D., the Black Sea froze and in 829 A.D. the Nile River froze.
The Medieval Warm Period (900 A.D. to 1300 A.D.)
The Medieval Warm Period (MWP) was a time of warm climate from about 900-1300 AD when global temperatures were apparently somewhat warmer than at present.
Its effects were particularly evident in Europe where grain crops flourished, alpine tree lines rose, many new cities arose, and the population more than doubled.
The Vikings took advantage of the climatic amelioration to colonize Greenland, and wine grapes were grown as far north as England where growing grapes is now not feasible and about 500 km north of present vineyards in France and Germany.
Grapes are presently grown in Germany up to elevations of about 560 meters, but from about 1100 to 1300 A.D., vineyards extended up to 780 meters, implying temperatures warmer by about 1.0 to 1.4° C.
Wheat and oats were grown around Trondheim, Norway, suggesting climates about one degree C warmer than present (Fagan, 2007).
The Vikings colonized southern Greenland in 985 AD during the Medieval Warm Period when milder climates allowed favorable open-ocean conditions for navigation and fishing.
This was close to the maximum Medieval warming recorded in the GISP2 ice core at 975 AD.
Elsewhere in the world, prolonged droughts affected the southwestern United States and Alaska warmed.
Sediments in Lake Nakatsuna in central Japan record warmer temperatures.
Sea surface temperatures in the Sargasso Sea were approximately 1°C warmer than today and the climate in equatorial east Africa was drier from 1000-1270 AD.
An ice core from the eastern Antarctic Peninsula shows warmer temperatures during this period.
The Little Ice Age (1300 A.D. to the 20th century)
At the end of the Medieval Warm Period, ~1230 AD, temperatures dropped ~4°C (~7° F) in ~20 years and the cold period that followed is known as the Little Ice Age.
The colder climate that ensued for several centuries was devastating.
Temperatures of the cold winters and cool, rainy summers were too low for growing of cereal crops, resulting in widespread famine and disease.
When temperatures declined during the 30-year cool period from the late 1940's to 1977, some climatologists and meteorologists predicted a return to a new Little Ice Age.
Glaciers expanded worldwide.
Glaciers in Greenland advanced and pack-ice extended southward in the North Atlantic in the 13th century.
The population of Europe had become dependent on cereal grains as a food supply during the Medieval Warm Period and when the colder climate, early snows, violent storms, and recurrent flooding swept Europe, massive crop failures occurred.
Three years of torrential rains that began in 1315 led to the Great Famine of 1315-1317.
The Thames River in London froze over, the growing season was significantly shortened, crops failed repeatedly, and wine production dropped sharply.
Winters during the Little Ice Age were bitterly cold in many parts of the world.
Advance of glaciers in the Swiss Alps in the mid-17th century gradually encroached on farms and buried entire villages.
The Thames River and canals and rivers of the Netherlands frequently froze over during the winter.
New York Harbor froze in the winter of 1780 and people could walk from Manhattan to Staten Island.
Sea ice surrounding Iceland extended for miles in every direction, closing many harbors.
The population of Iceland decreased by half and the Viking colonies in Greenland died out in the 1400s because they could no longer grow enough food there.
In parts of China, warm weather crops that had been grown for centuries were abandoned.
In North America, early European settlers experienced exceptionally severe winters.
Average near-surface temperatures of the northern hemisphere
during the past 11.000 years
Vor 10'000 Jahren folgte auf die Wurm-Eiszeit das bis heute andauernde Holozän mit dem Nacheiszeitlichen Optimum, das bis etwa 4'000 Jahre vor heute gedauert hat.
Das Paradies, von dem die Mythen berichten, hat es tatsächlich gegeben. Der Stuttgarter Geograph Professor Wolf Dieter Blümel ist davon überzeugt, dass die Mythen einen ganz realen Hintergrund haben. Auf die letzte Würm-Eiszeit folgte vor 10.200 Jahren die jetzige Warmzeit, das Holozän. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt etwa zwischen 10.000 bis 4.000 vor heute war es auf der Erde so warm, wie es bis heute nicht mehr gewesen ist.
Stonehenge kann als Paradebeispiel am Ende dieser prosperierenden Wärmeperiode gelten, denn es gehört viel Energie dazu, die gewaltigen Stelen und Steinsäulen über lange Strecken zu transportieren. Es muss eine Überschussproduktion an Lebensmitten gegeben haben. Eine darbende Gesellschaft hätte dies nicht zuwege gebracht
Vor 5'300 Jahren
In der Periode der so genannten Klimadepression der Bronzezeit wird es ein bis zwei Grad kälter als heute.
Die Folgen sind regionale Missernten und Versorgungsprobleme. Aber die schwierigen Zeiten scheinen jetzt den Erfindergeist herauszufordern. Obwohl der neue Werkstoff Bronze schon in der Jungsteinzeit bekannt war - Ötzi besaß ein Bronzebeil - erhält das neue Metall immer größere Bedeutung, bis es von einem anderen Metall, dem Eisen abgelöst wird.
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Le changement climatique est-il d'origine humaine?
Grönland / Greenland / Grœnland
Die letzten 3000 Jahre
Generalised temperature diagram based on temperature measurements in the Greenland Ice Sheet (Dahl-Jensen et al. 1998), annotated with a number of historical events around the North Atlantic.
Etwa 300 vor Christus
Das große Römische Imperium scheint von diesem Klimaoptimum begünstigt zu sein.
200-600 nach Christus bis etwa 1000 nach Christus
Ein kühles, stark wechselhaftes Klima in Nord- und Nordwest-Europa verursacht Ernteausfälle und führt zur Völkerwanderung.
Um 1.000 nach Christus endet die kalte Periode.
Um 1000 nach Christus beginnt die Mittelalterliche Warmzeit, die bis etwa zum Jahr 1350 dauert.
Zahlreiche Siedlungen werden neu gegründet, was sich heutzutage in vielen Stadtjubiläen widerspiegelt.
Große Städte mit Handel und Gewerbe, mit Dienstleistung und Ständewesen können sich entwickeln, weil sie vom Umland sicher versorgt werden.
Unter dem günstigen Klima gedeiht eine ergiebige Landwirtschaft, die mehr erwirtschaftet, als zum Leben direkt notwendig ist.
Auf dieser Grundlage entsteht neuer Wohlstand, auch wenn nicht alle in gleichem Maße von diesem profitieren. Die aufwändige Architektur der Gotik ist für diese mittelalterliche Entwicklung ein deutliches Sinnbild.
Die kleine Eiszeit von 1350 bis ca. 1850.
Das Katastrophenwetter terrorisiert in diesem Jahr die Menschen allerorts. Überschwemmungen, wie wir sie beim Oderhochwasser 1997 erlebt haben, suchen ganz Mitteleuropa heim. Die Jahrtausendflut schwemmt so viel fruchtbaren Boden fort, wie bei normalen Wetterbedingungen in einem Zeitraum von 2000 Jahren verloren geht.
Das ist der Beginn einer neuen Epoche, um 1350 herum beginnt sich das Klimasystem offenbar umzustellen, es kippt regelrecht, es kommt zu starken Hochwässern, die Menschen sind geschwächt, weil auch die Ernten relativ schlecht sind, durch zu feuchte Witterungsverhältnisse kann das Getreide nicht optimal ausreifen, es verfaulen die Getreidevorräte in den Zehentscheuern.
Hungersnöte und Pest raffen in den kommenden Jahren fast die Hälfte der Bevölkerung dahin.
Mitteleuropa erlebt einen zivilisatorischen Rückfall mit Aberglauben, Hexenverfolgung und Judenpogromen. Viele Menschen wandern in die Neue Welt aus.
Im Dreißigjährigen Krieg, bei dem 1618 bis 1648 ganze Landstriche entvölkert wurden - Schätzungen zufolge verlor die Hälfte der deutschen Bevölkerung ihr Leben - sei die Hälfte der Opfer auf Mangelernährung und Seuchen zurückzuführen. "Es handelt sich um einen besonders kalten Abschnitt der Kleinen Eiszeit. Es gab Jahre praktisch ohne Sommer". "Die Sonne zeigte sich nicht, der Dauerregen ließ die Ernte verfaulen. Es folgten extrem kalte und lange Winter." Die Wetterbedingungen führten zu Missernten, diese zu Hungersnöten, in deren Folge sich Seuchen wie Pest, Typhus oder Ruhr leicht ausbreiten konnten.
Mit dem Jahr 1.850 kommt diese krisengeschüttelte Epoche, auch unter dem Namen "Kleine Eiszeit" bekannt, zu ihrem Ende.
Ab 1850 bis heute
Neue Prognosen zeigen aber, dass im Jahr 2000 bereits wieder ein Umschwung stattefunden hat.
Craig Loehle |
Ph.D., Principal Scientist with the National Council for Air and Stream
Improvement (NCASI) His research interests include ecological modeling, landscape ecology, life history theory, and natural resource management. He is the author of over 100 scientific publications. |
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de Temperaturrekonstruktion der letzten 2000 Jahre - ohne Baumring-Proxies
en Temperatures published by Craig Loehle in 2007, and later revised in 2008
This graph shows the average of 18 non-tree ring proxies of temperature from 12 locations around the Northern Hemisphere, published by Craig Loehle in 2007, and later revised in 2008.
It clearly shows that natural climate variability happens, and these proxies coincide with known events in human history.
Loehle also published in 2008 a paper that described why tree rings can not be trusted as a proxy for past temperature variations. Tree ring data have what is called a "divergence problem" in the late 20th Century where the tree ring data data suggests cooling, when in fact there has been warming.
This, by itself, should cast serious doubt on whether tree ring reconstructions (such as Michael Mann's famous "hockey stick" curve) can be used to estimate past global temperature variability.
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| Fehler der "Klimamacher" Teil I | Errors of the "Climatemakers" Part I | Erreurs des "faiseurs du climat" partie I |
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Falsche Temperaturen von IPCC und Kyoto (Das Hockeyschläger Diagramm) Die Geschichtsfälschung von Michael Mann mit der Hockeystick-Kurve |
Wrong temperatures of IPCC and Kyoto (The Hockey stick curve) Falsification of the century with the hockeystick curve by Michael Mann |
Fausses températures du GIEC et de Kyoto (La courbe en crosse de hockey) Falsification du siècle avec la courbe de la crosse de hockey par Michael Mann |
| Der Hockeystick ist tot | The Hockey stick is dead | La courbe en crosse de hockey est morte |
The last thousand years Climate changes in Europe
Paul Homewood
2011-11-01 de
What Was Life Like In The Little Ice Age? - Part I
Medieval Warming Period
A look back to the Medieval Warming Period offers an insight into how things changed in the following centuries.
Most people are aware that the Vikings colonised and farmed parts of Greenland in ways that are still to this day not possible.
In Europe summer temperatures were between 0.7C and 1.0C warmer than 20th Century averages.
Central European summers were even warmer, as much as 1.4C warmer than now.
During the height of the Warm Period, so many lords quaffed prime English wines that the French tried to negotiate trade agreements to exclude them from the Continent.
Populations rose sharply during medieval times.
Numerous examples are quoted which show how crops were grown at altitudes where crops cannot be supported today such as Dartmoor and the Pennine Moors.
In Scandinavia farming spread 100 to 200 meters farther up valleys and hillsides in central Norway, from levels that had been static for more than 1000 years.
To the south in the Alps, tree levels rose sharply and farmers planted deeper and deeper into the mountains. During late prehistoric times, numerous copper mines had flourished in the Alps until advancing ice sealed them off; late medieval miners reopened some of these when the ice retreated.
For five centuries, Europe basked in warm, settled weather, with only the occasional bitter winters, cool summers and memorable storms.
Summer after summer passed with long, dreamy days, golden sunlight and bountiful harvests.
Compared with what was to follow, these centuries were a climatic golden age.
Greenland
Eirik the Red is credited with discovering Greenland in the 10th Century and Viking colonists followed him to set up farming settlements as far north as Godthab.
They found the green summer pastures were better than either back home in Norway or Iceland.
However in the 13th Century Greenland and Iceland experienced increasing cold.
Sea ice spread south creating difficulties for Norse ships sailing from Iceland as early as 1203.
By 1250 many fewer ships made the crossing to Greenland and those that did had to take a more hazardous route further south in the open Atlantic to avoid pack ice off southeastern Greenland.
Extent of the Little Ice Age
There is been plenty of historical evidence which confirms the existence of a much colder climate in much of Europe between the 14th and 19th Centuries.
This is not surprising because there is such a wealth of historical records and documents which has been handed down from the Europe of those days.
Glaciers
We tend to regard alpine landscapes today such as those in Switzerland as being picturesque and think that the people there live in an beautiful idyll.
It was not always so.
In the 16th Century the occasional traveller would remark on the poverty and suffering of those who lived on the marginal lands in the glacier's shadow.
Watts Up With That? (Antony Watts)
2011-11-11 en
"Without energy, life is brutal and short"
Storms and Floods It was not only the cold that was a problem during the Little Ice Age.Throughout Europe, the years 1560-1600 were cooler and stormier, with late wine harvests and considerably stronger winds than those of the 20th Century. Storm activity increased by 85% in the second half of the 16th Century and the incidence of severe storms rose by 400%.
Perhaps the most infamous of these storms was the All Saints Flood in November 1570, which worked its way northeast up the North Sea.The storm brought enormous sea surges ashore in the Low Countries, flooding most of Rotterdam, Amsterdam, Dordrecht and other cities and drowning at least 100,000 people. In the River Ems further north in Germany, sea levels rose an incredible four and a half meters above normal.
In 1607 another storm caused even greater floods in the Bristol Channel with flood waters rising 8 meters above sea level miles inland.
Later in the 17th Century, great storms blew millions of tonnes of formerly stable dunes across the Brecklands of Norfolk and Suffolk, burying valuable farm land under meters of sand. This area has never recovered and is heathland. A similar event occurred in Scotland in 1694. The 1400 hectare Culbin Estate had been a prosperous farm complex next to the Moray Firth until it was hit by another huge storm which blew so much sand over it that the farm buildings themselves disappeared. A rich estate had become a desert overnight and the owner, the local Laird, died pauper three years later.
The Great Storm of 1703 is recognized as the most powerful storm ever recorded in England and caused immense damage there as well as across the North Sea in Holland and Denmark.
Cold, Snow and Ice
Between 1680 and 1730, the coldest cycle of the Little Ice Age, temperatures plummeted and the growing season in England was about five weeks shorter than now. The winter of 1683/4 was so cold that the ground froze to a depth of more than a meter in parts of south west England and belts of ice appeared off the Channel coast of England and northern France. The ice lay up to 30 miles offshore along the Dutch coast and many harbours were so choked with ice that shipping halted throughout the North Sea.
Another exceptional winter was that of 1708/9. Deep snow fell in England and lasted for weeks while further East people walked from Denmark to Sweden on the ice as shipping was again halted in the North Sea. Hard frosts killed thousands of trees in France, where Provence lost most of its orange trees and vineyards were abandoned in northern France, not to be recultivated until the 20th Century. In 1716 the Thames froze so deep that a spring tide raised the ice fair on the river by 4 meters! The summer of 1725 in London was the coldest in the known temperature record and described as "more like winter than summer".
Fishing and Sea Conditions
During the 17th Century conditions around Iceland became exceptionally severe. Sea ice often blocked the Denmark Strait throughout the summer. In 1695, ice surrounded the entire coast of Iceland for much of the year, halting all ship traffic. The inshore cod fishery failed completely, partly because the fish may have moved offshore into slightly warmer water. On several occasions between 1695 and 1728, inhabitants of the Orkney Islands were startled to see an Inuit in his kayak paddling off their coasts. These solitary hunters must have spent weeks marooned on large ice floes. As late as 1756, sea ice surrounded much of Iceland for as many as thirty weeks a year.
The cod fishery off the Faeroe Islands failed completely as the sea surface temperature became 5C cooler than today, while enormous herring shoals deserted Norwegian waters for warmer seas further south.
Famine
As climatic conditions deteriorated, a lethal mix of misfortunes descended on a growing European population. Crops failed and cattle perished by diseases caused by abnormal weather. Famine followed famine bringing epidemics in their train, bread riots and general disorder. Witchcraft accusations soared, as people accused their neighbours of fabricating bad weather.
Farming was just as difficult in the fledgling European colonies of North America where there were several severe drought cycles between 1560 and 1612 along the Carolina and Virginia coasts.
From 1687 to 1692, cold winters and cool summers led to a series of bad harvests. Alpine villagers lived on bread made from ground nutshells, whilst in France, wine harvests were delayed till as late as November. Widespread blight damaged many crops, bringing one of the worst famines in Europe since 1315. Finland lost perhaps as much as a third of its population to famine and disease in 1696-7.
Things did not improve. 1739 brought more problems, ruining grain and wine harvests over much of western Europe, while winter grain yields were well down because the ground was too hard to plough for weeks.
By 1815, Europe was struggling with yet another cold spell, when the Tambora eruption made matters a whole lot worse. The following year was described as "The year without a summer". In France the grain harvest was half its normal level and southern Germany suffered a complete harvest failure. In Switzerland grain and potato prices tripled, and 30000 were breadless, without work and resorted to eating "sorrel,moss and cats".
Inevitably such suffering brought with it social unrest, pillaging, rioting and criminal violence. The famine encouraged many to emigrate to America, although in Saint John's, Newfoundland, 900 were sent back to Europe because there was so little food in town.
The crisis of 1816/7 was the last truly extensive food dearth in the Western world and its effects ranged from the Ottoman Empire, to parts of North Africa, large areas of Switzerland and Italy, western Europe and even New England and Canada. Other parts of the world were also badly affected such as China. Death tolls are hard to calculate but 65000 may have perished in Ireland, while in Switzerland the death rate could have doubled. The death toll would have been much worse in England and France but for the availability of and ability to efficiently distribute reserve stocks of food.
| Craig Loehle |
Ph.D., Principal Scientist with the National Council for Air and Stream
Improvement (NCASI) His research interests include ecological modeling, landscape ecology, life history theory, and natural resource management. He is the author of over 100 scientific publications. |
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Annual mean temperature reconstruction for Greenland (blue line)
calibrated to instrumental temperatures for the west coast of Grennland
(red line) with 2 standard deviation error bars (grey shading).
Klimaskeptiker Info
2010-11-24 de
Ein regionaler Ansatz bei der Untersuchung des Mittelalterlichen
Klimaoptimumes und der Kleinen Eiszeit
Zu den wichtigsten Ikonen der Vertreter der angeblichen anthropogenen globalen Erwärmung (AGW) gehört die berühmt-berüchtigte Hockeystick-Graphik von Michael Mann et al., mit denen auch Al Gore der Weltöffentlichkeit einreden wollte, die Erwärmung am Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts sei in den letzten 1000 Jahren beispiellos gewesen.
Das historisch gut belegte Mittelalterliche Klimaoptimum um das Jahr 1000 wurde von den Alarmisten dabei ebenso negiert wie die kleine Eiszeit zwischen 1650 und 1850.
Eine weitere Studie tritt dieser falschen Darstellung der Klimageschichte entgegen.
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The Original Mann "Hockey Stick" Corrected |
Fabricating the 'Blade' of the 'Hockey-Stick' |
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Sie folgte auf das kalte Pessimum der Völkerwanderungszeit und endete mit Beginn der sog. "Kleinen Eiszeit".
The Medieval Warm Period was a time of warm weather around 800-1300 AD during the European Medieval period.
L'optimum climatique médiéval est une période de réchauffement climatique s'étalant environ de 800 à 1300 après Jésus-Christ, durant le Moyen Âge européen.
National Geographic
2010-06 en
Changing Greenland: Viking Weather
Greenland's first experience of hype happened a millennium ago when Erik the Red arrived from Iceland with a small party of Norsemen, aka Vikings.
Erik was on the lam (from the Old Norse word lemja) for killing a man who had refused to return some borrowed bedsteads.
In 982 he landed along a fjord near Qaqortoq, and then, despite the bedsteads incident, he returned to Iceland to spread word about the country he had found, which, according to the Saga of Erik the Red, "he called Greenland, as he said people would be attracted there if it had a favorable name."
Erik's bald-faced marketing worked. Some 4,000 Norse eventually settled in Greenland.
The Vikings, notwithstanding their reputation for ferocity, were essentially farmers who did a bit of pillaging, plundering, and New World discovering on the side.
Along the sheltered fjords of southern and western Greenland, they raised sheep and some cattle, which is what farmers in Greenland do today along the very same fjords.
They built churches and hundreds of farms; they traded sealskins and walrus ivory for timber and iron from Europe.
Erik's son Leif set out from a farm about 35 miles northeast of Qaqortoq and discovered North America sometime around 1000.
In Greenland the Norse settlements held on for more than four centuries.
Then, abruptly, they vanished.
National Geographic Photo Gallery
2010-06 en
Viking Weather - The Changing Face of Greenland
As Greenland returns to the warm climate that allowed Vikings to colonize it in the Middle Ages, its isolated and dependent people dream of greener fields and pastures - and also of oil from ice-free waters.
de Chinesische Website mit Animation
Dabei entdeckten Sie Jahrzehnte vor Kolumbus, Maggelan und Cook Amerika, Australien, und die Antarktis.
Nach 2 Jahren kehrten sie nach Umfahrung Grönlands und des sibirischen Nordmeers wieder nach China zurück.
Eine solche Nordpassage ist heute nicht mehr möglich.
1492: Seit 80 Jahren kein Bischof mehr wegen Eis Grönland
Seit damals waren die Siedler wegen der Kälte wohl nach Neufundland weiter gewandert oder ausgestorben.
Noch 1408 beschreiben Vermählungsurkunden der grössten grönländischen Grundbesitzer aus staatl. Archiven in Oslo exakt die Landflächen, Viehbestände usw. ( z.B. grosse Schafs- und Rinderherden die auf saftigen Weiden grasten)
en The Voyages of the Treasure Fleets, 1421-3 are illustrated here using an animated flash movie. Once loaded you can view the passage of the fleets using the play button.
Wasserplanet
Animation
Umfahrung Grönlands und des sibirischen Nordmeers 1421-1423
Animation: Auf das Bild klicken / Click on the image
Gemäss IPCC
en According to the IPCC
fr Selon le GIEC
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de Der IPCC-Bericht von 2001 unterschlägt die früheren Perioden, die wärmer waren als heute: "aktuelle Belege sprechen nicht für globale synchrone Perioden von anomaler Kälte oder Wärme während dieses Zeitrahmens, und die geläufigen Begriffe 'Kleine Eiszeit' und 'Mittelalterliches Klimaoptimum' scheinen nur geringen Wert zur Beschreibung hemisphärischer oder globaler Trends oder Veränderungen der Durchschnittstemperaturen in vergangenen Jahrhunderten zu haben.". en The 2001 IPCC report suppresses evidence of earlier periods warmer than today: "current evidence does not support globally synchronous periods of anomalous cold or warmth over this time frame, and the conventional terms of 'Little Ice Age' and 'Medieval Warm Period' appear to have limited utility in describing trends in hemispheric or global mean temperature changes in past centuries". fr Le rapport 2001 du GIEC escamote les périodes du passé plus chaudes qu'aujourd'hui |
Realität
en Reality
fr Réalité
de Die AGW-Anhänger haben die gut dokumentierten und starken Klimaschwankungen der letzten 1000 Jahre, die erheblich intensiver waren als die kurzfristige Erwärmung zwischen 1980 und 2000, als lokale europäische Phänomene kleinzureden versucht.
Dieser Versuch, Beweise gegen die CO2-Treibhaushypothese auszuhebeln, ist jetzt gescheitert.
en Of course, there's many researchers, such as Michael Mann and his thoroughly discredited "hockey stick" that try mightily to make the Medieval Warm Period disappear.
The rapid expansion of the Inca from the Cuzco area of highland Peru produced the largest empire in the New World between ca. AD 1400-1532.
Although this meteoric rise may in part be due to the adoption of innovative societal strategies, supported by a large labour force and standing army, we argue that this would not have been possible without increased crop productivity, which was linked to more favourable climatic conditions.
Climate History
en
What Hubert Lamb Really Wrote About The Medieval Warm Period
The subject of the Medieval Warm Period is widely misunderstood.
Not least because few today have read the works of the historian and
meteorologist who first brought awareness of climate and its impact on
human history to wide public attention.
Changes in climate together with extreme weather events have played major roles in the history of the pre-Columbian civilizations of Central and South America of the past two millennia, including the period known as the Medieval Warm Period.
en Drought and the Collapse of the Maya Civilisation
The fascination these abandoned cities hold arose because it became clear that many great cities, over a very wide area, had been abandoned before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors. These cities and their magnificent buildings had clearly been centres of major states, supported by a vast complex of productive farms.
To name just some of the more significant cities:
Aguateca, Calakmul, Copan, Caracol, Chichen Itzan, Coba, Copan, Edzna,
Ek Balem, El Mirador, Izimte, Palenque, Rio Azul, Tikal, Uaxactun,
Uxmal & Yaxchilan.
en The pre Columbian Civilisations of Central America - The Mesoamericans
There is a pre Conquest history of civilisations in Central America that extends back 3,500 years.
It's thought that humans have been in the Americas since 12,000 - 18,000 years BC.
The earliest human artefacts found so far are from Chile and date to around 11,000 BC.
By the 15th century AD most of the Americas were quite heavily populated.
In total the population of the Americas in pre Colombian times is estimated to have stood at around 40 million people - it may have been higher
en The pre Columbian Civilisations of South America
Mochica, Chimu, Sican, Wari, Tiwanaku and Inca ~ plus Amazonia
Klimaskeptiker Info
2010-03-17 de
Belege für mittelalterliches Klimaoptimum im Westen der USA
Das in Europa historisch gut belegte mittelalterliche Klimaoptimum, während dessen es um das Jahr 1200 deutlich wärmer war als gegenwärtig, wollen die Anhänger der AGW-Hypothese als auf Europa begrenztes Phänomen marginalisieren.
Jetzt liefert eine Studie weitere Belege für den globalen Charakter der mittelalterlichen Warmzeit.
Klimaskeptiker Info
2010-03-17 en
Giant Sequoias Yield Longest Fire History from Tree Rings
California's western Sierra Nevada had more frequent fires between 800 and 1300 than at any time in the past 3,000 years, according to a new study led by Thomas W. Swetnam, director of UA's Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research.
MWP = Medieval Warm Period (Mittelalterliches Klimaoptimum)
Klimaskeptiker Info
2010-03-10 de
Als das IPCC das Mittelalterliche Klimaoptimum verschwinden ließ...
In älteren Veröffentlichungen des IPCC war das Mittelalterliche Klimaoptimum (Medieval Warm Period, MWP) enthalten.
Ab 2001 verschwindet dieses geschichtlich belegte Phänomen.
Es paßte nicht zu der Behauptung, die Erwärmung des 20. Jahrhunderts sei beispiellos gewesen.
Im Jahr 2001 reflektierte die Darstellung einer MWP die Mehrheitsmeinung innerhalb der Paläoklimatologie.
Das IPCC aber verbreitete ab 2001 einen neuen Standpunkt.
In der Folge erschienen mehrere Studien, die die Nichtexistenz
des Mittelalterlichen Klimaoptimums bestätigte
Nach ClimateGate gibt es den Verdacht, daß bestimmte IPCC-verbundene Wissenschaftler wie Phil Jones das Erscheinen bzw. Nicht-Erscheinen von Studien manipuliert haben, um ihren Standpunkt der beispiellosen anthropogenen Erwärmung zu untermauern.
IPCC oder ihm nahestehende Personen haben also die wissenschaftliche Arbeit kontrolliert oder manipuliert.
Fazit: Die IPCC-Berichte haben mit seriöser Wissenschaft nichts zu tun.
Diese Veröffentlichungen sind nichts als bloße politische Propaganda.
de
en
Click for an interactive graphic that will expand each graph on mouseover
de Aus der Panik-Küche en From the panic laboratory fr De la marmite des alarmistes
Sie gilt in der heutigen Klimadiskussion als das klassische Beispiel einer durch kurzfristige Schwankungen geprägten natürlichen Klimavariation.
Doch auch während der Kleinen Eiszeit gab es erhebliche Klimaschwankungen. So stellen zum Beispiel die Zeiträume von 1570-1630 oder von 1675-1715 besonders kalte Zeitabschnitte dar.
Any of several dates ranging over 400 years may indicate the beginning of the Little Ice Age:
Quelques grands évènements climatiques peuvent donc être soulignés comme des points de repère d'un petit âge glaciaire étendu du XIIIe siècle au milieu du XIXe siècle :
Winterlandschaft des holländischen Malers Pieter Bruegel
des Älteren (1525-1569) aus dem Jahr 1565
und The frozen Thames, A. Hondius 1677 London Museum
| de | en | fr |
|---|---|---|
| Diskussionen | Discussions | Discussions |
| Ausschluss und Maulkorb für Kritiker | Exclusion of critics | Exclusion des critiques |
The Hudson Bay ships bringing fur to London were actually frozen in during this period, whilst 1817 was an "Enso- el nino year" with the late winter of 1816 and summer of 1817 being warm, matching reports from earlier years that the ice was periodically melting, with a great deal of open water, and as reported by the Hudson bay co, and by others, as having an 'unprecedented break up' in 1815 and 1816.
In 1817 Scoresby contacted Banks about the melting,
In 1820 Scoresby found the ice around Greenland was melting and in 1822 mapped much of what had previously been an inhospitable coast.
Diagramm 1 wird in Frage gestellt
Diagramm 2 wird als richtig und representativer betrachtet
Aussagen:
PDO = Pacific Decadal Osculation
Figure 1:
Figure 2: Global cooling 2005-2007
| de | en | fr |
|---|---|---|
| Die Temperatur | The temperature | La température |
| de | en | fr |
|---|---|---|
| Physikalische Grundlagen und Begriffe | Physical basis and terms | Bases physiques et termes |
| Begriffe | Terms | Termes |
Since the mid-19th century, the mean global temperature has increased by 0.7 degrees Celsius. This slight warming is not unusual, and lies well within the range of natural variation. Carbon dioxide continues to build in the atmosphere, but the mean planetary temperature hasn't increased significantly for nearly nine years. Antarctica is getting colder. Neither the intensity nor the frequency of hurricanes has increased. The 2007 season was the third-quietest since 1966. In 2006 not a single hurricane made landfall in the U.S.
South America this year experienced one of its coldest winters in decades...
Unexpected bitter cold swept the entire Southern Hemisphere ...
Last January, $1.42 billion worth of California produce was lost ...
In April, a killing freeze destroyed 95 percent of South Carolina's ...
Recent weeks have seen the return of unusually cold conditions ...
Extreme cold weather is occurring worldwide ...
Nach den Rekordschneemengen auf der Nordhalbkugel des letzten Winters, zeigen sich die unterdurchschnittlichen Temperaturen insbesondere auf der Südhalbkugel und in den Tropen. Nebenbei erwähnt haben wir derzeit in der Antarktis auch neue Rekordmengen an Meereis.
Die Globale Erwärmung setzt ihren Winterschlaf also unbeirrt fort- wenn man es genau betrachtet, hat es in den letzten zehn Jahren keine "globale Erwärmung" gegeben (eigentlich gab es in den letzten 30 Jahren keine "globale Erwärmung", aber das ist eine andere Geschichte).
It is significantly colder globally, colder even than the significant drop to -0.046°C seen in January 2008.
The global ?T from April to May 2008 was -.195°C
Tout d'abord faisons le point sur les relevés de température moyenne du globe donnés par le RSS (Remote Sensing System; satellites, la plus fiable (avec UAH) source ici et ici ). L'abscisse est graduée en mois. Le mois de Mai 2008 a rattrapé toute la baisse observée en Janvier, février et mars de cette année. Suivant les données de l'UAH l'anomalie est de -0,17°C. C'est la température la plus froide depuis Janvier 2007 et c'est la troisième plus froide température depuis Septembre 1993....
Tibet's 'worst snowstorm ever', 7 killed
The Next Ice Age - Now!
Seattle
Aspen
The company says record winter snowfall has left the mountain covered with snow, leaving behind an average of more than 3 feet of snow on the upper slopes.
Faszit (auch in Deutschland):
| de | en | fr |
|---|---|---|
| Neuste Mitteilungen zum Klimawandel | New messages on Climate Change | Nouvelles informations sur le changement climatique |
| Temperatur-Trends | Temperature Trends | Tendance d'évolution de la température |
|
World Temperatures Falling Whist CO2 Keeps Rising
| de | Wenn das CO2 die Erwärmung erklärt, muss es auch die Abkühlung erklären ... oder es muss eine andere Erklärung gefunden werden, dass nebeneinander liegende kalte und warme Zonen - gleichzeitig - verschiedene Ursachen haben. |
| en | If the CO2 explains the warming, it must also explain the cooling ... or another explanation must be found how neighbor cold and warm sectors may - simultaneously - obey to different causes. |
| fr | Si le CO2 explique le réchauffement, il doit aussi expliquer le refroidissement ... ou bien une autre explication doit être trouvée, signifiant alors que des secteurs voisins, chauds et froids, peuvent - simultanément - obéir à des causes différentes. |
| Marcel Leroux |
Professeur de climatologie PhD, Professor Emeritus of Climatology, University Jean Moulin of Lyon, France; former director of Laboratory of Climatology, Risks and Environment, CNRS |
Temperature: HadCRUT3 (negative→positiv→negative),
CO2: Mauna Loa (positive)
1939-2008
de Wissenschaftler fordern IPCC zu Kurswechsel auf
en UN asked to admit climate change errors
en Temperatures - CRU 2007:
fr Températures - CRU 2007:
en Visible cooling after 2000.
fr Refroidissement apparente après 2000.
Quelle: / Source:
en IPCC Report 2007 doesn't show the cooling after 2000
fr Rapport 2007 du GIEC ne montre pas le refroidissement après 2000
en Temperatures - IPCC Report 2007:
fr Températures - rapport GIEC 2007:
en IPCC Temperature Prognnostics
fr Prévisions des températures du GIEC
en The prognostics are not realistic
fr Le prognostiques ne sont pas réalistes
Aussagen:
Aussage von John Christy: "Dies war der kälteste Juli seit 1992 als der Ausbruch des Pinatubo die Erdatmosphäre durch seine Staubwolken abkühlte"
| ° | de | Eine neue Kälteperiode hat begonnen | ||
| en | A new cold climate has begun | |||
| fr | Le temps se mettra au froid |
It is time that the world community acknowledges that the Earth has begun its next climate change.
The Space and Science Research Center (SSRC), today declares that the world's climate warming of the past decades has now come to an end.
A new climate era has already started that is bringing predominantly colder global temperatures for many years into the future.
In some years this new climate will create dangerously cold weather with significant ill-effects world wide.
Global warming is over - a new cold climate has begun.
PDO = Pacific Decadal Oscillation
AGU = American Geophysical Union
UPDATE! Professor Easterbrook adds in comments:
"The projected warming from ~2040 to ~2070 is NOT driven by CO2, it's merely a continuation of warm/cool cycles over the past 500 years, long before man-made CO2 could have been a factor.
We've been warming up from the Little Ice Age at rate of about 1 degree or so per century and the 2040-70 projection is simply a continuation of non-AGW cycles.
An interesting question is the similarity between what we are seeing now with sun spots and global temperature and the drop into the Little Ice Age from the Medieval Warm Period.
Could we be about to repeat that? - Only time will tell
We might see a more pronounced cool period like the 1880 to 1910 cool cycle (when many temp records were set) or a milder cooling like the 1945-1977 cool cycle.
In any case, the setting up of the cool phase of the PDO seems to suggest cooler times ahead, not the catastrophic warming predicted by IPCC and Al Gore."
en SSRC - Space & Science Research, Orlando, Florida:
According to Center Director John Casey, "The climate change predictions which I started to pass out to our government and media in early 2007 based upon the 'RC Theory' have now come to pass, exactly as forecast.
Global warming has ended, conclusively, as predicted.
The Earth's average temperature has begun its steep decline within the time frame I said it would. And last but not least, the Sun has entered a state of 'hibernation' when I said it would.
This new solar period is one of the most amazing events in the history of science.
During solar hibernations, the Sun makes significant reductions in output which always, always, brings long cold climates to the Earth.
Unbelievably, this historic phenomena is still largely and intentionally unreported by the media and our leaders and therefore unknown by the American people. The new cold climate will usher in global travail that will be amplified specifically because of the catastrophic climate change policies of the administration of President Barack Obama that will leave most citizens unprepared."
My most recent calculations, just completed, indicate that global temperatures approaching 100 year cold weather records will begin to set in any year now but certainly between 2012 and 2017.
The lower troposphere temperature anomaly range during this time frame will be between -0.2C and -0.75C.
Further, between 2020 and 2025, if not before, we will begin to see 200 year cold temperature records routinely being broken with a temperature anomaly range between -0.75C and -1.20C.
The coldest and most destructive years will be during the decade of the 2030's with temperature ranges between -1.0C and -1.5C.
These global temperature changes are keyed to the mean global temperature for the past one hundred years and while they may not seem like much, they translate to potentially massive agricultural losses world wide especially in the decades of the 2020's and 2030s.
... This implies some of the worst cold could arrive well before the predicted coldest years (i.e., the 2020's and later).
... These early cold shocks will cause significant crop damage and then rebound to relative warmth within a year or two before diving once again even deeper into the cold era.
We will of course continue to see hot, possibly record setting summer temperatures over the years.
The noticeable change will be in winters that start sooner, are much colder and last longer, with the power to cause post-planting spring crop damage and early fall pre-harvest crop losses.
Release of this detailed sequence of climate activity still includes the previous assertion that the pronounced cold of the next climate change will have devastating consequences for our primary wheat, corn, and other grain crops in Canada, and the United States.
... continuation:
The last solar hibernation the Earth experienced was the so-called Dalton Minimum. Canada and the United States were at that time (1793-1830) still largely unsurveyed, undeveloped, and uncultivated and the great wheat and corn growing states and horizon-to-horizon agricultural regions we take for granted today that feed the world, simply did not exist. However, even crops back then were wiped out in New England, many people died, and thousands moved out to get away from the bitter cold that settled in along the Great Lakes and in the northeastern states. Pennsylvania, for example had ice on lakes and rivers in July. Historian John D. Post said of this period that it was " ... the last great subsistence crisis." Of course, this new forecast does not include any major volcanic activity as happened during the Dalton Minimum which would accentuate the solar hibernation cold weather effects already in place."
Unfortunately, while the cold climate advances quickly and the Sun cuts back on output, the Obama administration continues its political campaign to stop global warming, a climate period that has already ended.
Our government has willfully not told the American people about the now unstoppable solar hibernation which continues to deepen with each passing month.
This is without a doubt one of the darkest periods in US history for freedom of speech and integrity in the scientific community.
In addition, this administration is planning to add $646 billion in new taxes to combat CO2 and other industrial greenhouse gas effects that have at most only a minor role in climate change.
All the while, the US government is not devoting one penny in preparing our country for the rapidly approaching cold weather and attendant crop failures.
There is now little doubt that this new cold climate era, in conjunction with the disastrous climate change policies of President Obama, has set the stage for what has the potential to be the worst subsistence crisis in recorded human history."
As to why the general public should take such unusual and dramatic forecasts seriously, Casey responded, "First of all, the SSRC and I have been sending out this vital message of a coming cold climate era consistently for over two years. In addition, a former Chairman of the House of Representatives Science Committee says I should be taken seriously as have other top scientists around the world who have come to the same conclusion about the next cold climate period. World leaders are growing more skeptical of what they have been force fed about climate change. The President of the European Union Vaclav Klaus has said the CO2 induced man made climate concept is a "bad ... valueless theory." Also, the Space and Science Research Center is now the most quoted reference on the web regarding climate change to the next cold era. But even if we did not have this support, what I and the SSRC have already accomplished should say something about the credibility of the SSRC. We have been the only independent science research organization in America to correctly and publicly predict in advance, three of the most important climate change events in history; the end of global warming, the Sun going into 'hibernation' and the long term decline in the Earth's temperatures. This contrasts with our government's science agencies and the United Nations all of whom have completely missed or otherwise keep quiet about these events.
The bottom line is this: I believe these new predictions will be just as accurate as our previous announcements and given their nature, I urge everyone to give them genuine and immediate consideration. The SSRC and I, along with other scientists world wide have been doing our best using every venue to spread the word about getting prepared for the next climate change. What is different about this press release is that the schedule for the rough times ahead is now clearer, the first crop damaging cold will arrive earlier than thought, and thanks to the UN and the Obama administration, it will catch most people on this planet totally off guard. Therefore, the people deserve repeated updates and when possible, long range climate warnings such as this."
Als das IFM-Geomar mit einer Pressemitteilung vom 2. Mai 2008 zugeben musste, dass "die globale Erwärmung eine kurze Atempause" einlege, war das ein erstes Eingeständnis der unsinnigen Behauptung, "menschengemachtes" Kohlendioxid (CO2) würde die Erde in ein Treibhaus, in eine lebensfeindliche Gluthölle verwandeln.
Angeblich hätten die Computer errechnet, dass eine Erwärmung der Erde in den nächsten zehn Jahren nicht stattfindet. Dahinter steht die Drohung: Wenn ihr Menschen uns nicht gehorcht und die Verbrennung fossiler Energieträger nicht einstellt, wird die Erdtemperatur nach zehn Jahren erneut in die Höhe schießen. Die alte Zigeunerin oder der geübte Kaffeesatzleser können mit Sicherheit bessere Prognosen erstellen als das IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) und seine Sprachrohre, die der echten Wissenschaft schon längst den Rücken gekehrt haben.
Die Erde hat in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten eine erfreuliche Warmzeit erlebt, wie sie sich in der Geschichte unzählige Male wiederholte. Leider scheinen wir nun den Zenit überschritten zu haben, denn seit zehn Jahren wurde es nicht mehr wärmer. Der wachsende Eisschild über der Antarktis und die Abkühlung des antarktischen Meerwassers weisen unmissverständlich darauf hin, dass es mit der Temperatur auf der Erde abwärts geht. Die milden Winter in Europa der vergangenen Jahre waren ein Glücksfall und nicht etwa ein Zeichen dafür, dass die Erde verglüht.
Angesichts sinkender Temperaturen fordern die Väter des "Manifest von Heiligenroth" die Politiker auf, die ideologische Zwangsjacke um die Energieversorgung zu beseitigen und zur Realität zurück zu kehren. Sonst droht Deutschland eine katastrophale Energiekrise. Ohne auch nur den Anschein von Verantwortungsbewusstsein haben die Politiker genau das Gegenteil dessen getan, was getan werden muß, nämlich die Menschen auf eine Kaltzeit vorzubereiten.
Die "erneuerbaren" allein ideologisch motivierten, hochsubventionierten Energien sind nicht in der Lage, einen nennenswerten Anteil der Energieversorgung zu übernehmen. Wird es kälter, können nur Kernenergie und Kohle dafür sorgen, dass die Lichter in Deutschland nicht ausgehen.
The average temperature of the sea around Europe and North America is expected to cool slightly over the decade while the tropical Pacific remains unchanged.
This would mean that the 0.3°C global average temperature rise which has been predicted for the next decade by the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change may not happen, according to the paper published in the scientific journal Nature.
These scientists would have had more credibility if they forecasted the actually cooling temperatures a few years ago, instead of saying a year ago, as many did, this year would be the hottest on record. It looks like the temperature data disconfirmed their hypothesis of CO2 induced warming and rather than question their theory they invented a way to try to convince people their theory still holds even though the data no longer support it.
More on target are the scientists who subscribe to the theory that solar activity strongly affects climate change - they have been predicting an end to the warming phase and the onset of a cooling climate for some time now.
| de | en | fr |
|---|---|---|
| Die Sonne | The Sun | Le soleil |
| Sonnenzyklen | Sunspot cycles | Cycles solaires |
| de | en | fr |
|---|---|---|
| Ozeanische Oszillation | Ocean oscillation | Oscillation océaniques |
|
Kommentar von Raimund Leistenschneider:
Vollkommen richtig, die russischen Wissenschaftler haben den im Mittel 208-jährigen de Vries-Suess-Zyklus der Sonne sozusagen wieder entdeckt, wie er aus der Fourieranalyse der Wolfszahl ermittelt werden kann.
Dies ist der Hauptsonnenzyklus, was die Fourieranalyse bestätigt.
Er hatte in 2003 sein Maximum und verläuft damit exakt parallel zum leichten Temperaturanstieg im ausgehenden 20. Jahrhundert.
Sein Maximum in 2003 bedeutet, dass er für die nächsten 100 Jahre fällt und daher zurückgehende Temperaturen eintreten.
Wie z.B. die arktische Eisbedeckung diesem Zyluss folgt,
hat der renommierte Meeresforscher Axel Mörner beschrieben.
(Abbildung 2
Keine Gefahr eines globalen Meeresspiegelanstiegs)
Anhand der Daten der United States Geological
Survey fallen nach jedem Hauptsonnenzyklus die Temperaturen deutlich.
(Abbildung 183
Teil 8: Zukünftige Temperaturentwicklung und deren Schwankungen)
Der De Vries Suess-Zyklus seinerseits wird von dem übergeordneten Hallstattzyklus (Zykluslänge ca. 2.300 Jahre) bestimmt.
Dieser steigt nach Daten des MPS (Prof. Solanki) bis ca.
2.200 an (sowohl das römische Klimaoptimum, als auch das sog.
Holozänklimaoptimum, sowie alle Temperaturzyklen im Holozän
fallen sowohl mit dem Hallstatt-Zyklus, als auch mit dem de
Vries-Suess-Zyklus zusammen
(Abb. 193-196
Teil 8: Zukünftige Temperaturentwicklung und deren Schwankungen
und Abb. 157
Teil 6: Der Einfluss der Sonne auf unser Wetter/Klima),
dann fällt auch dieser Sonnenzyklus.
Alle diese Zyklen sind, wie der Name dies ausdrückt, zyklisch und
hängen von internen Veränderungen der Sonne ab, die teilweise durch
die Planeten des Sonnensystems bestimmt werden.
(Planetenbahnen: Dr. Theodor Landscheidt)
siehe auch: Abbildung 33
Teil 3: Sonnenflecken und ihre Ursachen
EIKE / Raimund Leistenschneider:
Dynamisches Sonnensystem - Die tatsächlichen Hintergründe des Klimawandels
Watts Up With That? (Antony Watts)
2011-12-02 en
New paper suggests sun may be headed for a Maunder minimum
The recent low and prolonged minimum of the solar cycle, along with the slow growth in activity of the new cycle, has led
to suggestions that the Sun is entering a Grand Solar Minimum (GSMi), potentially as deep as the Maunder Minimum (MM).
Quelle / Source:
JoNova
2011-12-07 en
Chinese 2,485 year tree ring study shows natural cycles control
climate, temps may cool til 2068
A blockbuster Chinese study of Tibetan tree rings by Liu et al 2011 shows, with detail, that the modern era is a dog-standard normal climate when compared to the last 2,500 years.
The temperature, the rate of change - it's all been seen before.
Nothing about the current period is "abnormal", indeed the current warming period in Tibet can be produced through calculation of cycles.
Liu et al do a Fourier analysis on the underlying cycles and do brave predictions as well.
In Tibet, it was about the same temperature on at least four occasions:
- back in late Roman times (those chariots!),
- then again in the dark ages (blame the collapse of industry),
- then in the middle ages (the Vikings?),
- then in modern times (blame the rise of industry).
Clearly, these climate cycles have nothing to with human civilization.
Their team finds natural cycles of many different lengths are at work: 2-3 years, 100 years, 199 years, 800 years, and 1,324 years.
The cold periods are associated with sunspot cycles.
What we are not used to seeing are brave scientists willing to publish exact predictions of future temperatures for 100 years that include rises and falls.
Apparently, it will cool til 2068,
then warm again, though not to the same warmth as 2006 levels.
Chabibullo Abdussamatow
Neue Forschungsergebnisse und Hypothesen für die Zukunft
Neue Russische Forschungsergebnisse und Hypothesen für die Zukunft von Chabibullo Abdussamatow, Leiter des Laboratoriums für Weltraumforschung des Pulkovo-Observatoriums (bei St. Petersburg)
Laut Abdussamatows Prognose wird 2012-2015 statt der vorhergesagten globalen Erwärmung ein schrittweises Absinken der Temperaturen auf der Erde beginnen.
Ein Minimum an Sonnenenergie sei gegen 2040 zu erwarten. Darauf trete voraussichtlich 2055-2060 ein Temperaturminimum auf der Erde ein.
Dieser Klimawandel könnte mit dem Temperaturrückgang in den Jahren 1645 bis 1715 in ganz Europa, Nordamerika und auf Grönland verglichen werden.
Damals waren alle Kanäle in den Niederlanden zugefroren. Die Menschen hatten sich gezwungen gesehen, mehrere Siedlungen auf Grönland wegen der Vereisung zu verlassen. In London war sogar die Themse und in Paris die Seine zugefroren.
"Dieser Zustand dürfte etwa 50 Jahre dauern. Erst zu Beginn des 22. Jahrhunderts wird sich die Temperatur auf der Erde wieder erhöhen."
"Deshalb ist das Kyoto-Klimaschutzabkommen jetzt fehl am Platze.
Sein Inkrafttreten hätte um mindestens 100 Jahre verschoben werden müssen, weil die Erdtemperatur auch ohne Einschränkung der Treibhausgas-Emissionen durch die Industrieländer zurückgehen wird", betonte der Wissenschaftler.
| Khabibullo Abdusamatov |
Head of the St. Petersburg's Pulkovskaya
Astronomical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Leiter des Labors für Weltraumforschungen des astronomischen Hauptobservatoriums Pulkowo, bei Sankt Petersburg) |
Russlands Wissenschaftler wollen These der anthropogenen Klimaerwärmung widerlegen
200-jährige zyklische Wandlung der Strahlungsintensität der Sonne
Unser Planet erlebt seit den letzten zwölf Jahren einen Mangel an Sonnenenergie, der im Durchschnitt mit der Gesamtkapazität von 18 Millionen Atomkraftwerken verglichen werden kann.
Die Sonne ist ein veränderlicher Stern, dessen Strahlungsintensität in einem 200-Jahreszyklus und immanent in einem kürzeren Elfjahreszyklus ständig wechselt.
Der auf die Erde kommende integrale Sonnenenergiestrom weist seit Anfang 1990er Jahre eine stetige sinkende Tendenz auf.
Während des jetzigen 23. kurzen Sonnenzyklus, der nun schon zwölf Jahre dauert, erhalte jeder Quadratmeter der oberen Schichten der Erdatmosphäre durchschnittlich um 0,16 Watt pro Quadratmeter weniger Sonnenenergie, als im vorangegangenen "kurzen" Sonnenzyklus. Das Defizit von Sonnenergie beläuft sich somit auf fünf Millionen Watt pro Quadratkilometer im Jahr.
Laut Prognose wird der Sonnenenergiestrom im gegenwärtigen 200-jährigen Zyklus etwa um das Jahr 2041 sein Minimum erreichen.
"Dieser Wechsel eines 200-jährigen Zyklus erfolgt zum ersten Mal für unsere Generation", sagte Abdussamatow.
Das 200-jährige Absinken der Strahlungsintensität der Sonne wird laut Abdussamatow ein weiteres globales Klimaminimum auslösen, das aufgrund der thermischen Insertion der Weltmeere mit einer Verspätung von 15 bis 20 Jahre eintreten wird.
Im Zeitraum von 2055 bis 2060 wird die Temperatur laut Prognose des Wissenschaftlers den niedrigsten Punkt erreichen.
Im Rahmen des Experimentes "Astrometrie" im russischen Segment der Internationalen Weltraumstation werden die Mitarbeiter des Observatoriums Pulkowo ab Anfang 2010 innerhalb von sechs Jahren zeitweilige Variationen der Form und des Durchmessers der Sonne während des nächsten Elfjahreszyklus messen, der im zweiten Halbjahr 2008 beginnt.
Die an dem Experiment beteiligten russischen Wissenschaftler wollen auf der Grundlage der kosmischen Sonnenbeobachtung die Theorie über die anthropogene globale Klimaerwärmung widerlegen.
Abdussamatow stimmt mit der Meinung einiger Wissenschaftler nicht überein, wonach der anthropogene Treibhauseffekt die globale Temperatur der Erde wesentlich beeinflusse.
Nach seiner Ansicht ist die zunehmende Konzentration von CO2 in der Atmosphäre nur die Folge und nicht die Ursache der globalen Erwärmung.
Nach Ansicht des Forschers wird die kommende Abkühlung, die durch Absinken der Sonnenaktivität bedingt ist, unter anderem zu einer wesentlichen Vergrößerung der Eis- und Schneefläche führen.
Laut Abdussamatow wird sich das Klima der Erde zyklisch alle 200 Jahre wandeln.
"Schuld daran ist nicht der Mensch, sondern die 200-jährige zyklische Wandlung der Strahlungsintensität unseres Gestirns namens Sonne", sagte der Wissenschaftler.
Neue Kältewelle wird die Erwärmung bald ersetzen
en A cold spell soon to replace global warming
fr Une nouvelle vague de froide remplacera le réchauffement climatique
Spitzbergen ist eine von Norwegen verwaltete Inselgruppe im Nordatlantik und Arktischen Ozean.
Im norwegischen Sprachgebrauch heißt die Inselgruppe seit dem Spitzbergenvertrag von 1920 Svalbard ("Kühle Küste").
Im deutschen Sprachgebrauch ist dieser Name nicht verbreitet, es wird der Name Spitzbergen verwendet, der eigentlich die Hauptinsel Spitzbergen des Archipels bezeichnet.
Klimaskeptiker Info (Andreas Kreuzmann)
2011-12-17 de
Norwegische Wissenschaftler sagen starke Abkühlung in der Arktis voraus
Cornell University
2011-12-14 en
Solar activity and Svalbard temperatures